HaLow
HaLow or officially WiFi HaLow is a successor WiFi standard from WiFi Alliance based on IEEE 802.11ah . It uses sub gigahertz band (900, 850 or 700 Mhz) and may extend line of sight range from 300 Meters for WiFi to 1Km for HaLow. It has special time management features to help IoT devices conserve power. It is promoted as WiFi HaLow
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IEE 802.11ah
IEEE 802.11ah is a new radio protocol designed for sub GhZ band with channels of 1 or 2Mhz optimized for IoT.HaLow provides for data rates as low as 150 Kbps. It has protocol provisions for the long sleep times for clients.HaLow provides for lower power consumption, lower complexity and longer range for IoT clients. HaLow operates at 900 MHz in the US, 850 MHz in Europe, 700 MHz in China, and does not even have the operating spectrum in many countries
This is a low power Wi-Fi solution and provides for devices to sleep and use target wake time (TWT) .
https://www.wi-fi.org/discover-wi-fi/wi-fi-halow
802.11ax
802.11ax works in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, which are the existing WiFi bands. As a result, a 802.11ax AP does not require a separate radio for IoT like HaLow does. Also, these bands are available globally as unlicensed bands. There is great enthusiasm among the WiFi chipset manufacturers for 802.11ax as it is evolutionary to 802.11ac for network access.
802.af
IEEE 802.11af operates in licensed bands, more specifically, the TV white space spectrum in the VHF and UHF bands between 54 and 790 MHz using cognitive radio technology
