The three challenges keeping cars from being fully autonomous

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The three challenges keeping cars from being fully autonomous
Technical, regulatory, and business obstacles are still in the way of safe,

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Understanding where we are in the pursuit of self-driving cars can be as confusing as understanding where we are in the pursuit of AI.
The past couple weeks have been no different: Uber announced a new CEO and $1 billion investment for its self-driving unit, Waymo launched a ride-hailing app to open up its service to more riders in Phoenix, and Tesla unveiled a new custom AI chip that promises to unlock full autonomy.
In early April, Ford CEO Jim Hackett expressed a conservative stance, admitting that the company had initially “overestimated the arrival of autonomous vehicles.” It still plans to launch its first self-driving fleet in 2021, but with significantly dialed-back capabilities.
In contrast, Tesla’s chief, Elon Musk, bullishly claimed that self-driving technology will likely be safer than human intervention in cars by 2020.
From a technical perspective, Shashua splits driverless technology into two parts: its perception and its decision-making capabilities.
The first challenge, he says, is to build a self-driving system that can perceive the road better than the best human driver.
In the US, the current car fatality rate is about one death per 1 million hours of driving.
Effectively that means a self-driving car’s perception system should fail, at an absolute maximum, once in every 10 million hours of driving.
But currently the best driving assistance systems incorrectly perceive something in their environment once every tens of thousands of hours, Shashua says.
The second challenge is to build a system that can make reasonable decisions, such as how fast to drive and when to change lanes.
Anytime a driverless car makes a decision, it has to make a trade-off between safety and usefulness.
“I can be completely safe if I don’t drive or if I drive very slowly,” he says, “but then I’m not useful, and society will not want those vehicles on the roa

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