SMPS Transformer Selection and Simulation Guide

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Enabling Fast and Efficient Product Creation
SMPS Transformer Selection and Simulation Guide
What is an SMPS Transformer?
Placing an SMPS Transformer
Choosing an SMPS Transformer for High Efficiency

SMPS Simulations

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SMPS transformer for a computer power supply
The bulky power supplies used in desktop computers and precision power supplies all use an SMPS transformer for galvanic isolation at the input of the regulator.
If you’re designing a switching power supply, you’ll need to evaluate the behavior of all transformers (both for input rectification and in the power transformer section) produces the desired output voltage and that ripple is within your tolerances.
What is an SMPS Transformer?
An SMPS transformer is used in a switching power supply to provide galvanic isolation.
The SMPS transformer in an isolated power supply provides a clear barrier that prevents dangerous high voltages from passing to the output, providing safety from electrical shock at the output.
A non-isolated SMPS can have efficiency above ~95%, while an isolated power supply typically has 70% to 90% efficiency.
As these power supplies are run at high voltage/current, they pass strong magnetic fields into the core of the SMPS transformer.
Hysteresis will occur in the magnetic cores used in SMPS transformers as the input AC signal oscillates.
SMPS transformer and core material manufacturers generally supply hysteresis curves with their components, which allows a designer to determine the limits on the input current.
Placing an SMPS Transformer
An SMPS transformer can be placed in one or more locations in a regulator circuit.
Real power supplies normally contain multiple power conversion and regulation stages, and an SMPS transformer could appear in any of these.
Simplified block diagram showing the typical placement of an SMPS transformer in a power supply topology.
Choosing an SMPS Transformer for High Efficiency
There are many types of SMPS transformers that use different core materials, winding directions, and coil numbers.
A 3-coil transformer is often used to provide multiple output power levels from a single SMPS circuit

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