Swarm Intelligence

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Swarm Intelligence
Swarm Intelligence is a design framework based on social insect behavior. Social insects such as ants, bees, and wasps are unique in the way these simple individuals cooperate to accomplish complex, difficult tasks. This cooperation is distributed among the entire population, without any centralized control. Each individual simply follows a small set of rules influenced by locally available information. This emergent behavior results in great achievements that no single member could complete by themselves. Additional properties swarm intelligent systems possess include: robustness against individual misbehavior or loss, the flexibility to change quickly in a dynamic environment, and an inherent parallelism or distributed action.

There are four principles governing the swarm intelligence. These are:

Positive Feedback – reinforces good solutions present in the system
Negative Feedback – removes old or poor solutions
Randomness – so solutions can be tested regardless of perceived quality, which in turn, result in creative and unconventional solutions
Multiple Interactions – key to building up the best solutions
By understanding these properties and applying them correctly, swarm intelligent systems may be designed. Each principle plays a clear role in governing the system.

The benefits of swarm intelligence can work effectively to resolve current issues in MANETs, or mobile ad-hoc networks. A MANET is a collection of computers, or nodes, participating and cooperating in a computer network. MANETs are increasingly appearing now that wireless devices become more and more ubiquitous. Information is communicated between nodes via a wireless link. There is a limited communications range for each node, and each node has only a few neighbors. Neighbors are nodes that can communicate directly. Nodes are assumed to be mobile; nodes can move relative to each other. Mobility causes the topology of the network to be quite dynamic.

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